Course Overview: JavaScript ES2019 in Practice

Handle Exceptions with ES2019 Optional Catch Bindings in JavaScript

Stable Sort an Array with ES2019 JavaScript

Flatten an Array with ES2019 flat in JavaScript

Trim the End of a String in JavaScript with ES2019 trimEnd

Map Elements of an Array with ES2019 flatMap 

Use JavaScript ES2019 flatMap to Map and Filter an Array

Represent Collision-free String Constants as Symbols in JavaScript

Create an Object from a Map or key-value Pairs in JavaScript with ES2019 fromEntries

JavaScript ES2019 in Practice

ES2019 introduces the Object.fromEntries method. In this lesson, we'll see how to convert Maps and Sets into Objects and why you'd want to translate between those data structures. First we'll see how this was done prior to ES2019, and then we'll refactor the code to do the same thing using Object.fromEntries. Seeing as ES2019 was only introduced to Node in Node 12, we'll also learn how to do feature detection for Object.fromEntries.

Instructor: [00:00] Once again, we're looking at our Nuxt.js application. In this case, we're looking at this JSON representation of the data that's above. As we can see it's an object. The keys are the students' IDs. The value is in sub-objects representing the student's name, their average, the teachers, and their grade.

[00:19] How is this JSON generated? The JSON computed property is ultimately responsible for displaying this data. It takes the entries of records.map and takes an empty object and takes each of the key of the records.map and says JSON subkey equals the value of the records.map and then takes that and stringifies it, prettyprinting it to a depth of two.

[00:43] In order to understand this, we need to know what records.map is. Records.map itself is a computed property which returns record.map. Record.map gets populated by the transformRecord routine.

[00:56] As you could see here, record.map itself is a map, which is an ES6 data structure that allows for arbitrary keys with arbitrary values, whereas regular objects only allow string or integer keys with arbitrary values. As we build up and transform our records, we will call the set function on our map with the record's ID as the key and the result of our transformation as the value.

[01:20] By the time we're done transforming all our records, record.map is populated with the keys being record IDs and the results being the values. We technically don't need a map here because we're not using a complex key. We're using just a numeric key.

[01:37] However, for the purpose of this exercise, it's important to be able to show how you could turn a map into an object. Whereas if our map's keys were truly complex and they were objects or something other than an integer or a string, we wouldn't be able to turn them back into an object.

[01:51] By the time we got to building up this JSON object, if the key itself isn't a string, it's not going to work. That is, any key that isn't an integer or a string will get coerced to a string before being populated.

[02:05] If you're trying to do something like JSON sub one is one, making JSON have an object key, we can console.log that value and see that the key isn't the actual object. The key is the string object, which is what you get whenever you coerce an object to a string.

[02:27] For the purpose of this exercise, that doesn't matter. We know that all of our keys actually are integers. If we console.log that, we see that it's given us an object where the keys are the IDs and the values are the students.

[02:46] The reason this works is because maps has an entries function which returns an iterator. Each of those entries is an array that has two values, the first value being key, second value being the value.

[03:02] You may not have seen this type of destructuring before, although now with React hooks being popular, people are starting to see what's known as a tuple being used more and more. Entries itself can be thought of as an array whereas each entry of that array is an array that contains two values, the key and the value.

[03:21] ES2019 gives us a built-in function that can do this for us. Instead of having to do this loop, we can simply say, "Object.fromEntries this.records.map." We can get rid of all this. Because Object.fromEntries is so new, we can first detect if it even is available in our environment.

[03:48] This isn't calling the function Object.fromEntries. It's checking for the presence of Object.fromEntries. If that function isn't even available in our environment, we're going to return the string "Loading" rather than returning the JSON stringified version of the Object.fromEntries of the records.map.

[04:07] If I save this and we reload -- we open up our JSON -- we still see that still prints out the right thing. The way this works is Object.fromEntries can take in an actual array of arrays of values, something that might look like one.

[04:27] Then that would get converted into something that looks like an object with a property of one with a value of A and a property of two with a value of B. You could see that these two map to each other.

[04:42] It's also worth noting that this style of array, where it's an array of array of entries, can be passed to a map constructor in order to turn this entries array into a map. Again, we save this. We refresh. We see that it works.

[05:01] If we get rid of this guard clause and we save and we refresh, we see Object.fromEntries is not a function. This is a really nice feature of Nuxt. Nuxt will never just not work. If it discovers that you have an error in your code, it will print it out to the screen and tells us exactly where it's happened.

[05:20] It's saying, "I don't know about Object.fromEntries." This is because we're using Node 11. Again, if I come back out to my terminal and type "node --version," I could see that I'm on 11. Object.fromEntries is so new that it's only available in Node 12.

[05:40] It's available in the latest Chrome, as we saw before when we were guarding for it on the server side. It was still printing out the JSON on the client side, which was Chrome, but if we can update our server to the latest Node, we can get rid of that guard clause that we had over here completely.

[05:57] I'm going to go ahead and use NVM again, which again can be installed from Brew or however else you get command line utilities. In this case, I'm going to say, "nvm use 12." This will get me the latest Node, Node 12, which just came out at the end of April.

[06:14] I'll start back up my server. I'll do npm run dev again. I'll refresh. Everything again is working. Again, Object.fromEntries, it either takes in that array of tuples, or it can take in a map or a set or anything that has the entries function on it. It will detect that and call the entries function itself and iterate over that.

Course

JavaScript ES2019 in Practice

Create an Object from a Map or key-value Pairs in JavaScript with ES2019 fromEntries

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